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RIP Kofi Awoonor - A Call for Memorial Poems

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Less than a week ago, we here at One Ghana, One Voice announced a large project: we had asked 93 poets (almost all Ghanaian) about their poetic influences, and had scheduled to reveal the answers to those questions over the coming weeks (you can read the introduction to the project here). It was to be a celebration.

Early on Sunday morning we posted the first of those results, which showed that, by a slim margin, Ghanaian poets are now saying that African writers are their greatest influence. Not 18th century British poets, as it once was. Not 20th century Americans, either. But African poets, especially Ghanaians. Brew, Anyidoho, and first among them, Kofi Awoonor. I am certain that had it not been for Awoonor and his influence both as a poet and a teacher, Africa would not have topped that list.

The final "reveal", not set to be announced until mid-October, answered the question: "Which one single poet most influences Ghanaian poetry?" It seems absurd to withhold the answer until then - by a large margin the new generation of Ghanaian poets said again and again: Kofi Awoonor. Kofi Awoonor. Kofi Awoonor. The poet. The professor. The diplomat. The leader. Kofi Awoonor.

So what a haunting, sickening shock it was to read only hours after that first post: Kofi Awoonor killed in Westgate Attack. There has been too much mourning of late for Ghanaian leaders, and for poetry. Only last year we gathered together, stunned and saddened by the death of John Atta Mills, and only weeks ago we were greeted with word of Seamus Heaney's death. And now, here we are again, with this most alarming and disturbing of news.

The one consolation I take from this event is that Kofi Awoonor was able to live so long, until age 78, and was able to provide the world with so many of his poems and so much of his knowledge. This only makes it that much more difficult, however, to read the news of the young people and children also killed in the attack - the contributions they were to make to our world, that are now lost, we will never know.

So it is with heavy hearts that we are suspending our series reviewing Ghanaian poetic influences so that we can focus on one, Kofi Awoonor, and celebrate his life and his legacy. Through celebrating him and his art, I hope we can all find a time of healing and reflection - to know what has been lost, to celebrate what has been accomplished, and to be vigilant to change the world for the better.

Similar to our series of poems following Presiden Mills' death, we are now announcing an open call for poems on Kofi Awoonor. Please send your poems to oneghanaonevoice(at)gmail(dot)com, and include a one-line bio in which identifying yourself and where you are writing from. You can also, optionally, add a short note on how Kofi Awoonor and/or his writing have personally affected you.

Once we are finished this tribute we will return to the series announcing Ghana's poetic influences, at the end of which we will reaffirm Kofi Awoonor's place at the top of that list, where he has long been, and long will remain.

Yours, in sadness,

Rob Taylor
On behalf of the OGOV team

Kofi Awoonor is Gone / Kofi Awoonor is Here - Nana Kofi Acquah

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Photo © Nana Kofi Acquah. Reprinted with permission.

Efo Kofi, our father and poet is gone.
Forcefully ushered into yonder life
By brutal beasts breast-fed on bile
And hopes for virgin-infested harems.

Efo Awoonor is gone home
Taken out on a foreign land
By cowards and imbeciles
Who will never know what
It feels like to have a brain.

Efo, damirifa due.
Due. Due. Due




Nana Kofi Acquah is a long-time contributor to One Ghana, One Voice, and a prolific photographer. The above photo, taken by Nana Kofi Acquah, was so loved by Kofi Awoonor that he printed out a large version of it and displayed it in his house. You can learn more about Nana, his writing, and his photography, on his blog.

This poem is part of our series of poems in memory of Kofi Awoonor. You can learn more about Awoonor and the series here. If you have a poem in memory of Kofi Awoonor, please send it to us at oneghanaonevoice(at)gmail(dot)com.

Westgate - Julian Adomako-Gyimah

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'This is a name that sends chills down my spine
A hazy Saturday morning it was
When the devil decided to strike Westgate Mall
It was a chilly morning
When we least expected to hear something bad
More than five men with some dressed as women entered via the car park exit
Another batch entered through the main entrance
They start shooting sporadically
They shot at anybody they saw without any guilt or mercy
Al-Shabaab they mentioned
That name hit me, linked to al Qaeda
Boom boom
I saw a known face that had been hit by a bullet
It was my mentor and my father
Prof. Kofi Awoonor had been hit
I felt heat all over my body
As a terrible event had befallen us when we least expected it
A harmless man has been hit by the devil
What is happening to me
Am I dreaming?
If yes then I need to wake up
It is all over the news
It must be real
I can never forgive these cowards
Who could kill a person as harmless as Prof
The world has lost a gem who has no germ in his persona
The clouds have gone dark
All birds refuse to sing
Snakes refuse to hiss
Cocks refuse to crow
The heavenly angels have all gone quiet
An immaculate being has fallen
Life is incomplete
Incomplete with the nurturing of the gem
The gem in the person of Prof Awoonor
Due Dada. Nantew yie
Hmm life is a crazy puzzle'


Julian Adomako-Gyimah is a co-founder of One Ghana, One Voice.

This poem is part of our series of poems in memory of Kofi Awoonor. You can learn more about Awoonor and the series
here. If you have a poem in memory of Kofi Awoonor, please send it to us at oneghanaonevoice(at)gmail(dot)com.


Awoonor The Spirit Man Is Gone - Kwabena Agyare Yeboah

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the night speaks of the cousins
who met at the shore
in a howling silence

rekindling the voice of the flute
that adorns our glorious dirges

awoonor,
the day is sleeping
your sail has seen darkness
and Keta's wall is maimed

kutsiami!
ferry the eagle home

as times merge as memories
that fade journeys
into a cast eternity
on this path called home

mortals will gather tears
and trail your walk

awoonor,
mention us to the forebearers
and sleep not on our struggles

adieu, son of the land



Kwabena Agyare Yeboah is a BSc Biochemistry student at KNUST, Kumasi. He blogs here.

This poem is part of our series of poems in memory of Kofi Awoonor. You can learn more about Awoonor and the series
here. If you have a poem in memory of Kofi Awoonor, please send it to us at oneghanaonevoice(at)gmail(dot)com.

It's Daybreak - Darko Antwi

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Kofi, it's daybreak
And the Al-bafoons are long gone
Those who are neither cobblers
Nor farmers nor hunters

Kofi, Kofi, Kofi...
Kofi, Kofi, oh Kofi...
Kofi, Kofi, Kofi... wake
Kofi, Oohhh Koo-fi

Daavi has served you coffee
And Esinam has come to greet you

Kofi, it's daybreak
And the Al-racoons are no more
Those who are neither moslems
Nor christians nor atheists

Kofi, Kofi, Kofi...
Kofi, Kofi, oh Kofi...
Kofi, Kofi, Kofi... wake
Kofi, Oohhh Koo-fi

The newspaper vendor is at the gate
And Kwoku will soon be here for draught

Kofi it's daybreak
But we shall allow you this sleep
This long long sleep
We shall allow, we shall allow
Sleep well!



Darko Antwi is a long-time contributor to One Ghana, One Voice.

This poem is part of our series of poems in memory of Kofi Awoonor. You can learn more about Awoonor and the series
here. If you have a poem in memory of Kofi Awoonor, please send it to us at oneghanaonevoice(at)gmail(dot)com.


Why? - Francis Kokutse

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The man did nothing wrong yet,
he was gunned down
for going to shop in Nairobi.

He had no connection with
any trouble the murderers were fighting,
yet he has picked out of the crowd to be killed.

Xarakada Mujaahidiinta Alshabaab,
"Mujahideen Youth Movement" or "Movement of Striving Youth")
denied my little girls of an Uncle they adore.

Fo Kofi,
I am still asking why
because the ways of this life
have become darkened
by murderers like the The Boys of Somalia.

This earth, my brother,
is no longer the one
you and I used to know.

Esinam is asking questions
and will never get answers.
Elikem is weeping and you are
no longer around to wipe those tears
with all the love you have shown.




Francis Kokutse is a Ghanaian poet.

This poem is part of our series of poems in memory of Kofi Awoonor. You can learn more about Awoonor and the series
here. If you have a poem in memory of Kofi Awoonor, please send it to us at oneghanaonevoice(at)gmail(dot)com.

Among The Sharps of The Forest - Prince Mensah

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- A Dirge for Prof. Kofi Awoonor


Fading through prisms
Of changing phases –
Crying faces in
Places ploughed through by chaos –
This earth, my brother, has become something else
Something that elicits too much consternation

I am on the world’s extreme corner

Mɛ gbɔ na? Mɛ gbɔ na? Mɛ gbɔ na?
Only Mawu can unravel this cataclysm –
Godforsaken people with guns run amok among us –
Modern day Huns who rush at us for no reason
Upsetting us with their disruptive plans –
All at once, all at once

I am on the world’s extreme corner

I am an orphan, suddenly an orphan
Made so by the darkening of father sun
By the reddening of mother moon –
All too soon the sacred forest has become a haunt
Of restless spirits among stoic and sullen trees –
The wind tastes like salty tears
It has become a song of sorrow
Amid a gloom with no accommodation
For uncertainties of tomorrow –
The heart is naked against the storm

If I turn here, the rain beats me
If I turn there the sun burns me


Like unexpected rain, pain has swept through our land –
Death in Nairobi; the subterfuge of fate at Westgate
We go to huts where sometime in yesteryears,
We laughed and cried over mundane matters –
Where we amalgamated struggle and success
And gave them the name, Life
There is no one at the huts, no one
To welcome us when we pass by –
No one to ask us of how our days went –

If I turn here, the rain beats me
If I turn there the sun burns me


The ultimate violation has occurred among us –
I am no longer at ease with my own people
Their emotions are now tools for foreign gods
Their ways have become the ways of concupiscence –
Our trust for one another has been breached by bloodthirstiness
I do not know how I shall fare
Now that the lion has been stirred in his den –
Kpeti is forlorn; Kpeti’s great household is forlorn –
A mist of melancholy has descended upon our land –

Alas! A snake has bitten me
My right arm is broken,
And the tree on which I lean is fallen.


Why do you not return when we call for you?
Why have you left us in the middle of forests unknown?
Why do we hear fading echoes of your footsteps?
The face of the sky is not welcoming –
We do not know whether it is day or night
But revenge shall not satisfy our anger –
We shall go to your favorite places and breathe in the air,
We shall sit where you sat, sing the songs you loved –
As the leaves heave and fall in arms of wind,
As teardrops moisturize our desiccated thoughts

Alas! A snake has bitten me
My right arm is broken,
And the tree on which I lean is fallen.


This world is good at exiling its heroes
And strangler trees flourish in these forests –
Forgive Nyidevu, Kpeti and Kove –
They all stand here with Agosi
Drowning in the agony of your loss
I see black and red – black for unspeakable evil,
Red for courage amid carnage –
Closure and peace are our desiderata, we wonder where
This adamant betrothal to brutality came from,
We wonder why we were not allowed to say goodbye –

While we suffer, and eat sand
And the crow and the vulture
Hover always above our broken fences
And strangers walk over our portion.


The village is filled with wailing
Older men beat their chests and gulp down
Rising urges to cry out against the sun –
The women cannot hold themselves together
The sons are distraught, the daughters are dejected
The house is colored with desolation –
But we will not let the cowards win
We shall face the future with the courage you taught us
We shall live in aluta continua against death
We shall not let you pass away

While we suffer, and eat sand
And the crow and the vulture
Hover always above our broken fences
And strangers walk over our portion.


Mɛ gbɔ na? Mɛ gbɔ na? Mɛ gbɔ na?
Only Mawu can unravel this cataclysm –
Godforsaken people with guns run amok among us –
Modern day Huns who rush at us for no reason
Upsetting us with their disruptive plans –
All at once, all at once

I am on the world’s extreme corner

Fading through prisms
Of changing phases –
Crying faces in
Places ploughed through by chaos –
This earth, my brother, has become something else
Something that elicits too much consternation

I am on the world’s extreme corner



Prince Mensah is a contributing editor to One Ghana, One Voice. "Among The Sharps of The Forest" contains excerpts from Kofi Awoonor's poem "Songs of Sorrow".

This poem is part of our series of poems in memory of Kofi Awoonor. You can learn more about Awoonor and the series
here. If you have a poem in memory of Kofi Awoonor, please send it to us at oneghanaonevoice(at)gmail(dot)com.


Our Wreath to Awoonor - Oswald Okatei

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Pinpinaaaa...

Once there lived
A soul
Of poetry old
And of literary scribings

He was Williams Kofi Awoonor
And then Kofi Awoonor...
He sailed sunrises and falls
In a mortal voyage
Till this beast-foul-spelt age

His breath
Has eluded his mortal
After years of union since birth -
He is O now immortal!

So for his sake
We will remain awake
Chanting the songs
Of his worth from our tongues

We will tweet
From our tongues
Our tributes
Brewed into words and mourning songs!

We'll read
The words of his fingers
And of ours
In memory of his striving

Come in your mourning wears
Amidst your tears
You, far and near
So we mourn our fallen dear!

Awoonor, our dear
To him we mournfully present
Our wreath
Nurtured with our words!


Oswald Okatei is a Ghanaian poet.

This poem is part of our series of poems in memory of Kofi Awoonor. You can learn more about Awoonor and the series
here. If you have a poem in memory of Kofi Awoonor, please send it to us at oneghanaonevoice(at)gmail(dot)com.


The Day He Was Reborn - Bismark Opoku

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My tears curdled the sun to sleep
Yet it kept vigil all night
Watching the moon as it took to the sky
The solar light source felt warm
In its own angst and lamentation
As the lunar god wailed
With much desperation till it quivered in cold air
That was the day darkness clouded
A life for which we will ever be thankful and proud
The cock crowed twice
Yet it resounded a dozen times
In my ears with inescapable echoes
The worst amongst man's fears
Now says cheers to one who was endeared
After life held him for seventy-eight years

If only Death could be near
I would have slaughtered it
Ridding it of its icy hands
That never stay at rest but always prowl
You took a treasure away
But remain powerless
For your efforts to take away pleasurable memories proved futile
His name stands erect in bright ink
On our mind's tablets
And his love will sink deeper into our hearts' deepest bottom
Owuo aankum Awoonor
W'awo no fofor
Awuor aa 3b3ma nedin akron

He is reborn
The black narrator lives on
We will uphold his legacy
And make mention of him as one who is close amongst us
He is reborn into the indelible part of history's annals
He journeys into eternity where life is timeless
He sojourns to a land where his exploits are needed
Leaving us with his legend




Bismark Opoku is a Ghanaian poet.

This poem is part of our series of poems in memory of Kofi Awoonor. You can learn more about Awoonor and the series
here. If you have a poem in memory of Kofi Awoonor, please send it to us at oneghanaonevoice(at)gmail(dot)com.


Farewell to Nyidevu - Etornam Agbodo

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So you are gone.
You too.
Gone, you too are gone.
I bid you carry a message,
you who once asked Agosi to do the same.

Have you seen them yet?
Have you met Agosi?
Kpeti and Kove?
What of your namesake Nyidevu?
How do they?
Tell them not to rest easy,
For Kpeti’s great household is not rebuilt.
The fence still lies un-mended.
The cowards have grown bolder,
they who never dared look Kpeti in his face.
Ah! What is this?
See what treatment you have meted out to us,
our hearts heavy with sorrow and yet you ask us hold our tears.
Oh! Nyidevu Kofi,
how can you beat a child and grudge him his portion of tears?
Death has made war on our house again.
For Nyidevu Kofi himself is no more.
The new trees we tried putting up in the fence
have been eaten by termites again.
Now the crow and vulture are united gluttons.
See how they hover.
Do not idle.
Haste and tell our lot.
Let these strangers desist the constant gallivanting of our portion.

Ah! What jest?
Dare you laugh.
Nyidevu, you laugh at us?
Well as may.
You whose strides are like giants’
how can we match you,
whose gigantic strides still line
this sphere?

So now you know,
thus your grin.
You have looked Dzogbese Lisa in the face.
You know it all.
The sharps of the forest
where return seemed impossible
and pushing forward was tricky.
That all was jest.
You, who had the power to conquer all these.
And the chameleon faeces.
You are clean now I can see.
Somehow you have managed it.
You have cleaned now and it is gone.
Returned from the world’s extreme corner,
back home now.
Sitting in row with the eminent.
Yours was by dint of hard work and not luck.
The rain shall beat you no more,
The sun has lost hold over you.
You have gathered the firewood
of this world, you who took heart.
True, you were too good for
this world.
You have made your destination.
The good traveller.
Your debts all paid.
You have no cause to weep.
Gallant sons to wield the guns,
pretty daughters to wail.
And yet you wish it otherwise.
What jest?

You have gone beyond,
rest well but do not idle,
lest the walls remain broken
and Kpeti’s household remains unmade.
Kin and brothers gather in salute.
Rest well Nyidevu Kofi Awoonor.




Etornam Agbodo is a Ghanaian poet and past contributor to One Ghana, One Voice.

This poem is part of our series of poems in memory of Kofi Awoonor. You can learn more about Awoonor and the series
here. If you have a poem in memory of Kofi Awoonor, please send it to us at oneghanaonevoice(at)gmail(dot)com.


Deeper Songs of Sorrow - Dela Bobobee

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death is like a stubborn housefly
that keeps gnawing at our raw wounds
when the wounds are about to heal
it sinks again its hideous proboscis
yesterday it was Atta Mills, Achebe, Seamus
today it’s the turn of our beloved Kofi Awoonor
when you get there, greet Osagyefo and your mother
thank her for bequeathing to you such a gift
which today has become our grim legacy
we sigh in sorrow as our tears dry in fears
of tomorrow’s ugly mirror images
when the dry leaves fall, it’s a cue
to the fresh leaves on the tree to beware
who shall be the next?
who can evade death’s hidden snares?

when upon the solemn molehills
of our deepest sorrows
we again stoop and stretch
our heavy hearts to see beyond
the relentless tides that ebb
on the shores of our melancholy
these bitter lumps in our throats
can no longer stifle the shock and grief
a restless canoe in tempest has left the fishermen
and now we are stranded at sea like floes on water
the master drummer has departed
gone with his old tasseled drumsticks
the last dirge singer has finally gone
who will sing songs of dirge at our funerals?

deeper songs of sorrow
have left subtle signs for us to glean
deeper songs of sorrow
are the bitter teats we cannot wean

when the bright sun of our hope
has abruptly decided to set at dawn
we have to grope in the dark
grim passage of life’s labyrinths
the guiding light in the encircling gloom
had finally dimmed and left us behind
the trail blazers have passed on
to us the batons in the race of life
the master drummer has left
gone with his old tasseled drumsticks
the last dirge singer has finally gone
who will sing songs of dirge at our funerals?

death is eating our hearts away
just like the surging sea that is eating our land
death is a ceaseless and senseless terrorist
that has declared war on our house
and snuffed life out of our loved ones
it is flogging us on our bare buttocks
until we weep and bleed from deep welts
we roll and writhe on the floor in pain
we whiplash at our tormentor in vain
we rant and cry like helpless babies
our grief is great and like hapless orphans
we lick tears and phlegm from our wet noses
who will hear our cries, our hoarse voices?
is it not this same death that hugs and sings us to sleep?

deeper songs of sorrows
have left subtle signs for us to glean
deeper songs of sorrows
are the bitter teats we cannot wean.

the master drummer has left
gone with his old tasseled drumsticks
the last dirge singer has finally gone
who will sing songs of dirge at our funerals?


Dela Bobobee is a regular contributor to One Ghana, One Voice.

Of Awoonor, Bobobee has said:

Kofi Awoonor’s poetic influence on me started way back in the late early 1970s when I was a pupil in elementary school in Aveyime, Ghana, where we were required to memorize and recite rhymes, especially those in our native Ewe language, including "Akpalu fe Agohawo", most of which were compiled in an Ewe textbook called "Ewegbe Nuti Nunya". Among other notable poems, the most unforgettable sorrowful lines that still aptly resonate are:

The rain has beaten me
And the sharp stumps cut as keen as knives
I shall go beyond and rest,
I have no kin and no brother,
Death has made war upon our house

- Songs of Sorrow, Kofi Awoonor

This poem is part of our series of poems in memory of Kofi Awoonor. You can learn more about Awoonor and the series
here.

Warrior's Farewell - Kwame Atta Pappoe

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Brethren
Times when you cannot fire your musket
But you must
Times when you cannot wield your sword
But you must
Men pass away in a twinkling,
But women endure.
Without stepping on the battlefield,
We perish in war.


When the martial drums beat in frenzied sorrow,
And the mmenson sound their mournful farewell
And warriors in serried ranks
File past in your memory,
Perhaps the wailing womens’ cries
And the salvos of musketry
The million tear drops and cries of anguish,
Will make you remember me.
Perhaps in your death-sleep-wake state,
You will seek me among the multitude,
Just to give me a nod of farewell.

But my liege and lord
I shall not be there
For the night is dark
And I am far from home
My limbs are frail
Though my will is strong still
But my liege and lord
I shall not be there.


When the darkness grim has fallen,
And on your bier you are laid,
When the warriors file past to say final farewell
And the Last Rites are almost done,
I know you will remember me;
And in your death-sleep-wake state,
Glance around looking for me
Just to give me a wink of knowing farewell.

But my liege and lord
I shall not be there
For the night is dark
And I am far from home
My limbs are frail
Though my will be strong still
But my liege and lord
I shall not be there.


Do not seek me there, my comrade,
Do not seek me where I am not.
And do not mourn that I am not
Remember then that my sorrow is great.
When they finally commit your remains,
To return to the ancestral home,
Remember me in one flash of memory
As I stand beside your resting place
Head bowed with tears in rivuletted face.
Remember me, my liege
When you cross the dark waters
And do not fret about me.

My liege and my lord
Though I shall not be there
And though the night be dark
And I am far from home,
I bid you one everlasting farewell.
Adieu.


Kwame Atta Pappoe is a Ghanaian poet.

This poem is part of our series of poems in memory of Kofi Awoonor. You can learn more about Awoonor and the series
here.

RIP Awoonor - Andy Aryeetey

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Oofee n'ats3 bo ay3...

My voice tiptoes
For you are asleep
My eyes shoo my hands
For you are at peace.

H33 , Nuumo l3 eje mli
Etee Faa naa, ebaaa d)))nn
Kofi went to the market place
but did not return.
The bullets killed the man
but not his legacy.

So dry your tears.
Mrs Awoonor kpayaafo!
Ao! Esa gbele kpakpa
shi kpayaafo!

Ebaafee musu ak3 ebaagbo
Nakai gbele y3 eman
No hew)l3, kpayaafo.

The bullets killed the man
but not his legacy.

If you say that guns do not kill people,
just as pens do not write mistakes;
then plant seeds of compassion in your children,
for who can uproot trees of wickedness?

Mankind is limited by hind-sight
Denominators such as religion
should not separate us.
The bullets killed the man
but not his legacy.

Kofi Awoonor, R.I.P.
Roam in Paradise.
Better still,
return if possible.



Andy Aryeetey performing "RIP Awoonor":





Andy Aryeetey is a contributor to One Ghana, One Voice.

This poem is part of our series of poems in memory of Kofi Awoonor. You can learn more about Awoonor and the series
here.

The Pen Is Mightier Than The Sword - Mariska Taylor-Darko

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We all know that the pen is mightier than the sword,
But some days ago the sword thought it was mightier than the pen
They lie bad!
The pen is mightier than the sword!

Long after the ra ta tat tat of the guns have echoed away,
The ink from the pen will stay,
The words from the mighty oak will never fade away
The pen is mightier than the sword!

Long after we've forgotten the names of those who wielded the axe,
Long after their names disappear from memory,
The name Awoonor will stay,
The discharges of ink from his pen will remain etched in everyone's minds
His death will open a gateway for others to do what they love
What they feel and what they desire - to be storytellers.

The lie the idiots tried to feed us no go hold
The randomness of their sword chose a wrong victim
Because as long as we live, as long as we breathe, as long as we read,
Our storyteller will live on.

The pen is mightier than the sword,
Professor Kofi Awoonor, your last days were spent storytelling and creating
But your last day was not really your last day,
But an ascendancy into another realm of storytellers long gone.
They lie bad!
Truly, the pen is mightier than the sword.

They lie bad!
Long live the pen of Kofi Awoonor.



Mariska Taylor-Darko is a regular contributor to One Ghana, One Voice

This poem is part of our series of poems in memory of Kofi Awoonor. You can learn more about Awoonor and the series
here.


Like Our Kofi - Kofi A. Amoako

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on this earth,
the beauty gives
the devil takes.

my brother, on this earth,
you must always keep your eyes wide open like our Kofi
so you can see between beauties and devils.

my sister, on this earth,
you must speak your mind in beautiful ways like our Kofi
since nobody will do it for you.

my friends, on this earth,
you must leave a good account of yourself like our Kofi
and songs will be sung of your name.





Kofi A. Amoako is a Ghanaian poet and regular contributor to One Ghana, One Voice.

This poem marks the end of our series of poems in memory of Kofi Awoonor. You can learn more about Awoonor and the series
here.

Ghanaian Poetry's Inspirations - An Introduction

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PLEASE NOTE, THIS SERIES WAS DELAYED DUE TO KOFI AWOONOR'S DEATH. WE WILL BE RESTARTING IT BEGINNING ON MONDAY. YOU CAN READ POEMS FROM OUR AWOONOR MEMORIAL SERIES HERE.

What do Ghanaian poets read?

Where, and to who, do we turn for inspiration?

Do they care about my country? My country's great poets?

In the six-and-a-half years I've been running One Ghana, One Voice, I've received questions like these many times, in many different iterations. What fuels and interests Ghanaian poets seems to be an issue of curiosity for both Ghanaian poets and scholars, and for international observers. Heck, Frank O'Hara even mentioned a similar curiosity directly in a poem.

As the oldest (and therefore longest running) online magazine of Ghanaian poetry, I feel we are well (if far from perfectly) positioned to attempt to answer these questions. As regular readers of OGOV will know, every time we welcome a new poet to the site we ask them the same three (well, four) questions, by way of introduction: How long have you been writing poetry? Who are your favorite poets? Which poets have most influenced and informed your work? What do you hope to accomplish with your poetry? (You can read a recent example of the Q+A here).

Back in 2008, when OGOV was only a year old and the volume of data was much more manageable, I produced a post listing the artists most commonly named in answer to the questions "Who are your favorite poets? Which poets have most influenced and informed your work?". That post can be read here.

The sample size for that post, though, was rather small. So now, five years later, I've decided to both update and expand on that post. These new results come from interviews with 93 poets (the vast majority Ghanaian, plus some non-Ghanaians who write on Ghana) dating from April 2007 until September 2013. Together, those 93 poets listed 298 different artists as influential to their writing a total of 559 times (an average of six "influences" or "votes" per poet).

We'll be presenting the data we've collected over the next few weeks in the form of answers to popular questions we have received over the years. Next week's posts will feature analysis of the characteristics of favourite artists (How many are African? How many are female?) while the following week's will feature the lists of the "most influential" poets themselves.

Some of the answers will be expected, but some will surprise. Take a look over the questions, posted below, and take a guess at the answers in the comment section. We hope you enjoy this overview, and if you have any further questions you'd like answered, let us know!

Yours,

Rob Taylor
on behalf of the OGOV team


Questions Answered (Date First Published)

Which continent's artists most influence Ghanaian poetry? (September 22nd, 2013)
Which country's artists most influence Ghanaian poetry? (November 3rd, 2013)
Who influences Ghanaian poets more, men or women? By how much? (November 5th, 2013)
What types of artists are influencing Ghanaian poetry? (November 7th, 2013)
Which female artist most influences Ghanaian poetry? (November 9th, 2013)
Which artist from Ghana most influences Ghanaian poetry? (November 11th, 2013)
Which artist from Africa (non-Ghanaian) most influences Ghanaian poetry? (November 13th, 2013)
Which artist from Europe most influences Ghanaian poetry? (November 15th, 2013)
Which artist from the Americas most influences Ghanaian poetry? (November 17th, 2013)
Which artist, generally, most influences Ghanaian poetry? (November 19th, 2013)

What country's artists most influence Ghana's poetry?

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Answer: The United States.


More detail:

Out of 559 "votes" cast for different individual artists, 159 (28%) of all votes were cast for artists from the United States, followed by 99 for English artists and 92 for Ghanaian artists. When those numbers were weighted to eliminate outliers (artists who were only mentioned one time), Ghanaian artists almost completely closed the gap (78 votes for U.S. artists, 77 for Ghanaian artists).

The full results:

Most Influential Countries

1. United States: 159 mentions, 28% of total mentions
2. England: 18%
3. Ghana: 16%
4. Nigeria: 6%
5. Canada: 4%
6. Jamaica: 3%
6. South Africa: 3%
8. Ireland: 2%
8. Senegal: 2%
8. Zimbabwe: 2%
Other: 18%


Most Influential Countries (Weighted)

1. United States: 78 mentions, 23% of total mentions
2. Ghana: 77 mentions, 23% of total mentions
3. England: 22%
4. Nigeria: 9%
5. Jamaica: 4%
6. South Africa: 3%
7. Ireland: 3%
8. Senegal: 3%
9. Poland: 1%
9. Zimbabwe: 1%
Other: 8%

Observations:

As with the continental analysis, interest in North American writers is broad but not deep, as very few North American artists are mentioned more than once (none of the 21 Canadian artists, for instance, were mentioned by more than one poet). Ghanaian, English and Nigerian artists have the deepest support, as their numbers shot up once the outliers were eliminated.


More Information:

Click here for an overview of this project, and to read other similar lists.


What do you think of these results?

Leave your thoughts in the comments!

Who influences Ghanaian poets more, men or women? By how much?

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Answer: Men, by a wide margin.


More detail:

Of the 559 "votes" cast for different individual artists, 477 votes (85%) were cast for male artists, to 82 (15%) for female artists. To the best of our knowledge, no transgender artists were mentioned. When those numbers were weighted to eliminate outliers (artists who were only mentioned one time), the numbers shifted slightly, only further widening the gap.

The full results:

Gender Split for Influential Artists

Male: 477 mentions, or 85% of all mentions
Female: 82 mentions, or 15%

Gender Split for Influential Artists (Weighted)

Male: 90%
Female: 10%

Observations:

Males are read more widely and more deeply, which isn't very surprising. What perhaps is surprising is the sheer size of the gap, with male artists receiving nine out of every ten mentions. Only two female African artists (both Ghanaian) were mentioned more than once, Efua Sutherland and Ama Ata Aidoo.


More Information:

Click here for an overview of this project, and to read other similar lists.


What do you think of these results?

Leave your thoughts in the comments!


What types of artists influence Ghanaian poetry the most?

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Answer: Poets.


More detail:

Of the 559 "votes" cast for different individual artists, 382 votes were cast for poets (classified as authors who write poetry either primarily or exclusively), 81 votes for writers (classified as authors who write multiple genres more-or-less equally), and 67 votes for musicians.

The full results:

Most Influential Types of Artists

1. Poets: 382 mentions, 68% of total mentions
2. Writers: 15%
3. Musicians: 12%
4. Novelists: 4%
5. Biblical: 2%
Other (Playwrights, Philosophers, Teachers): 1%


Observations:

This category is the most biased of all. Not only is it difficult to separate "poets" from "writers" from "novelists" (and endless debate could be had about who should be slotted where), but the question asked of contributing poets specifically asks for "which poets" have been influential, pre-biasing the answer. What's notable is how, despite that, almost one-third of the responses given fell outside of that category, showing that the inspirations for Ghana's poets are broad and not easily summarised. The most noteworthy "non-poet" category is musicians, of which (it should be noted) none are African, and all of the most popular are either Jamaican reggae stars (Mutabaruka, Bob Marley, Joseph Hill) or American hip-hop artists (Nas, Tupac, Mos Def).


More Information:

Click here for an overview of this project, and to read other similar lists.


What do you think of these results?

Leave your thoughts in the comments!


Which female artist most influences Ghanaian poetry?

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Answer: Maya Angelou.


More detail:

Maya Angelou was listed as an inspiration by thirteen differen OGOV poets, far more than Emily Dickinson and Sylvia Plath, who placed second with four mentions each.

The top ten:

Most Influential Female Artists
1. Maya Angelou, mentioned by 14% of poets
2. Emily Dickinson, 4%
2. Sylvia Plath, 4%
4. Ama Ata Aidoo, 3%
4. Efua Sutherland, 3%
6. Gwendolyn Brooks, 2%
6. Nikki Giovanni, 2%
6. Adrienne Rich, 2%
6. Wisława Szymborska, 2%

Observations:

Almost all the writers listed are American, and of the Ghanaians (Aidoo and Sutherland), while both are poets, neither would traditionally be identified first and foremost as such. A lack of Ghanaian female poet-role models is evident here.


More Information:

Click here for an overview of this project, and to read other similar lists.


What do you think of these results?

Leave your thoughts in the comments!






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